A partir d'études de cas de sept villes ayant mis en place des politiques, programmes et entités en soutien à l'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS), ce projet identifie les éléments clés et les bonnes pratiques de tels "écosystèmes de l'ESS" et, sur cette base, propose des lignes directrices que les décideurs peuvent mobiliser afin de concevoir, mettre en oeuvre et évaluer des politiques publiques et des cadres institutionnels en soutien aux organisations et entreprises de l'ESS dans leurs villes. Ce projet a été mené par l'Institut de recherche des Nations Unies pour le développement social (UNRISD), avec un appui et financement de GSEF.   Mise en contexte du sujet de recherche Dans un contexte de prise de consience du rôle de l'ESS dans la facilitation d'un développement inclusif et durable, un nombre croissant de gouvernements, que ce soit au niveaux national et infranational, adoptent des politiques et des programmes en faveur des différents types d'organisations et entreprises de l'ESS. De nombreux gouvernements locaux sont particulièrement intéressés à soutenir l'ESS dans un contexte de demande grandissante de services publiques à l'échelon local et de déclin des transferts fiscaux des gouvernements centraux. L'ESS suscite également de plus en plus d'intérêt de la part de responsables politiques locaux du fait de son alignement avec l'approche holistique de l'Agenda 2030 pour le développement durable qui nécessite une intégration de dimensions sociale, environnementale et économique pour sa mise en oeuvre. Alors que l'environnement politique public joue un rôle crucial dans la définition des conditions au niveau méso et macro dans lesquelles les organisations et les entreprises de l'ESS se développent et opèrent, des difficultés se font souvent jour en ce qui concerne la conception et la mise en oeuvre de cadres réglementaires efficaces. Les valeurs et objectifs de l'ESS peuvent être dénaturés ou circonscrits dans les politiques, et les caractéristiques de l'ESS peuvent également être négligées ou affaiblies lorsque les états deviennent trop impliqués. Une analyse claire, objective, et basée sur des données empiriques des caractéristiques des politiques, programmes et cadres institutionnels qui sont les plus susceptibles de produire des résultats appropriés et concrets pour le secteur de l'ESS a le potentiel d'aider les décideurs en charge des politiques et les acteurs de l'ESS à gérer ces tensions dans le contexte de leurs territoires respectifs, tout en améliorant les perspectives d'avancées en matière de développement inclusif et durable. Objectifs et méthodes de la recherche Ce projet vise à générer une compréhension plus large et plus profonde des cadres politiques et institutionnels qui favorisent le développement d'écosystèmes solides de l'ESS au niveau infranational, et, à travers l'analyse des données empiriques originales d'études de cas de sept villes (Barcelone, Dakar, Durban, Liverpool, Mexico, Montréal et Séoul), à proposer des lignes directrices que les responsables de l'élaboration des politiques et les décideurs pourront utiliser pour concevoir et mettre en œuvre des politiques publiques qui soutiennent les entités et organisations de l'ESS. Bénéficiaires de la recherche Les lignes directrices aideront les responsables de l'élaboration des politiques et les décideurs à réaliser une cartographie objective et complète des politiques publiques actuelles et du paysage institutionnel qui ont une incidence sur l'ESS, et à tracer les orientations futures pour son développement équilibré et intégré. Les résultats seront précieux pour les décideurs et leurs conseillers à tous les niveaux (en particulier au niveau infranational/local) chargés de la mise en œuvre d'une économie sociale et solidaire ou d'un portefeuille local de développement durable. Ils seront également d'une grande aide pour la société civile, les groupes de défense et les acteurs de l'ESS visant à garantir la justice sociale et/ou des pratiques économiques reposant sur des principes de solidarité. Enfin, les lignes directrices intéresseront également la communauté des chercheurs souhaitant faire progresser leur compréhension de ces questions. Résultats & activités Sept études de cas (pour consulter les études de cas en anglais et en espagol, veuillez cliquer ici et ici) BARCELONE: La politique publique de promotion de l’économie sociale et solidaire à Barcelone (2016-2019) par Rafael Chaves-Avila, Jordi Via-Llop et Jordi Garcia-Jané DAKAR: Expérience de la ville de Dakar en matière de politiques d’économie sociale et solidaire (version préliminaire) par Aminata Diop Samb et Malick Diop DURBAN: Creating an Enabling Environment for the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) through Public Policies in Durban, South Africa by Susan Steinman LIVERPOOL: Politiques publiques et décentralisation : Soutien à l’économie sociale et solidaire dans la Région urbaine de Liverpool par Helen Heap, Alan Southern et Matt Thompson MEXICO: Politiques de promotion de l’économie sociale et solidaire : Etude de cas de la ville de Mexico par Juan José Rojas Herrera et Roberto Cañedo Villarreal  MONTREAL: Public Policies Enabling the Social and Solidarity Economy in the City of Montreal by Marguerite Mendell, Nancy Neamtan and Hyuna Yi SEOUL: Policy Systems and Measures for the Social Economy in Seoul by Kil-Soon Yoon and Dr. Sang-Youn ("Youn") Lee Lignes directrices pour les responsables et décideurs politiques au niveau infranational Lignes directrices pour les gouvernements locaux Les lignes directrices ont été lancées à l'occasion d'une session spéciale du Forum Virtuel Mondial de GSEF (19-23 octobre 2020). Pour plus d'informations, veuillez consulter le site d'UNRISD.  

Title: Social and Solidarity Economy for the Sustainable Development Goals 'SPOTLIGHT ON THE SOCIAL ECONOMY IN SEOUL' Year: Jul 2018 Publisher: UNRISD This project examines the social economy (SE) in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and how it is contributing to implementing and, ultimately, achieving, the city’s “localized” SDGs. Characterized by a rapid development of proactive SE policies, dramatic growth of SE organizations and enterprises, and the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s strong commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the city’s experience offers a valuable opportunity to further enrich understanding of social and solidarity economy as a means of implementation of the SDGs. This is the first case study of a series of research projects on SSE and the SDGs which UNRISD is planning to undertake.    The Research Issue in Context The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the need to “achieve sustainable development in its three dimensions—economic, social and environmental—in a balanced and integrated manner” (UNGA, 2015, para 2). This implies that business-as-usual approaches are no longer an option if the “transformative vision” of the Agenda is to be realized and the interconnected challenges facing humanity are to be addressed. A more transformative, innovative and inclusive approach to development needs to be pursued instead.  In recent years attention has increasingly been turned towards the social and solidarity economy (SSE) and its approaches to sustainable development that incorporate social, economic and at times environmental objectives in an integrated and balanced manner. SSE has the capacity to address some of the structural underpinnings of vulnerability, exclusion and unsustainable development. Its integrated nature means it could potentially contribute to the realization of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs with their overarching principle, “leave no one behind”. This potential relationship between SSE and the SDGs has yet to be thoroughly explored. The available knowledge is largely based on either heuristic exercises matching areas of SSE intervention with specific SDGs, or conjecture about SSE's potential in particular cases. Often ignoring the underlying political economy, institutional and cultural factors—or, indeed, the enabling environment for SSE—such matching exercises and conjecture Research Objectives are policy makers and practitioners interested in how and to what extent SSE can contribute to the SDGs. The research on the social economy (SE) in Seoul and its contribution to implementing and, ultimately, achieving the localized SDGs offers a valuable opportunity to build the evidence base and enrich our understanding of SSE as a means of implementation for the SDGs.  This project aims to generate evidence and analysis that will enrich our understanding of the social economy in Seoul and its role in implementing the city’s localized SDGs. In doing so it will contribute to dialogues and strategies on SSE and the SDGs more broadly. Specifically, the proposed research will deepen the understanding of: characteristics of the SE in Seoul, such as: origins, capacity, competencies in the areas of productivity and demand-led growth, social capital, gender equality, working conditions, managerial and administrative practices, labour relations, democratic decision making, resilience and sustainability, and participation in policymaking; the interactions between the SE in Seoul and in other regions and cities in the Republic of Korea and elsewhere; the relationship of the SE with other spheres of the economy such as the public economy, the private sector, and the informal economy; public policies for the SE such as laws, policies, programmes, plans and public organizations; Seoul’s enabling institutional environment for the SE, in particular, Seoul Metropolitan Government’s capacity; policy coherence and multilevel governance; participation and institutionalization; and sustainability of government intervention; the distinctiveness of Seoul’s enabling institutional environment for the SE in comparison with selected reference cases around the world; the localized SDGs in Seoul; and the pathways by which the SE in Seoul can contribute to achieving the localized SDGs. Methodology and Approach The project adopts a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods. It will include thematic studies, in-depth research on SE case studies in Seoul, cross-case comparative analysis, and SE policy initiatives.    Research Beneficiaries The findings of this project will be particularly valuable to policymakers and their advisors at the local, national and international levels tasked with the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The findings and lessons will also be of value to civil society and advocacy groups or others aiming to promote social and solidarity-based economic practices. They will also be useful to the research community in advancing their understanding of the relationship between SSE and the SDGs.    Localizing the SDGs through Social and Solidarity Economy (Research and Policy Brief 24) The Social Economy in Seoul: Assessing the Economic, Social, Environmental and Political Impacts (Research and Policy Brief 25) The Social Economy and an Integrated Approach to the Localized SDGs in Seoul: Interrogating the Evidence (Research and Policy Brief 26)  

Title: The Reality and Perspectives of the Social and Solidarity Economy in the City of Praia Year: 2018 Author: CITI-Habitat Publisher: GSEF Summary  The Municipality of Praia, since the institutionalization of Democratic Local Power in Cape Verde on December 15, 1991, no policy to promote and develop the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) has been implemented. Consequently, there has been no specialized service on the matter or a database on the existence of formally constituted organizations of Social and Solidarity Economy, nor the dynamics and impact of its interventions in improving conditions of the poorest populations and in the overall development of the Municipality have been much acknowledged. However, partnerships and relationships have been established, mainly with associations and NGOs, in the implementation of community projects and investments and social support activities in the areas of social housing, pre-school education, health education, drinking water supply, basic sanitation, sport and culture. It also works in collaboration with NGOs and associations dealing with care for the elderly, at-risk children, the homeless and people with disabilities. There has been no financing for income-generating activities carried out by Social and Solidarity Economy organizations. The present study establishes a basis to help the Municipality of Praia to adopt a municipal policy for the promotion and development of the Social and Solidarity Economy, as well the study will contribute to the structuring of the informal economy, strongly developed in the City of Praia. Therefore, the recommendations and conclusions of this study constitute priority axes for the formulation of a Program for the Promotion and Development of the Social and Solidarity Economy in the City of Praia: 1: Strengthening of the capacity and improvement of the institutional framework of the Municipality of Praia in the promotion of SSE. o Training/capacity building of municipal technicians in the areas of SSE and local economic development, with regards to creating institutional capacity, with internal autonomy in the formulation of proposals and measures of policies for the promotion and development of SSE in the Municipality of Praia; o Creation of an organizational unit with specific responsibilities for the promotion and development of SSE with the capacity to mobilize resources from the municipal budget, as well as to implement the resources provided from the municipal budget for the SSE sector; o Creation of a Specialized Commission of SSE in the Municipal Assembly of Praia and adoption of a Municipal Charter of promotion and development of SSE in the Municipality; o Creation of a Municipal Consultation Council for the promotion of SSE, which would also serve as an SSE Local Observatory. In addition to reflecting and recommending specific policy measures, the council would function as an advisory body of the Praia Municipal Chamber with regards to the SSE sector, as well as it would serve as a space of articulation and consultation between various actors involved in the local economic development of the Praia Municipality; o A strong and systematic articulation in public policies for the development of municipal social economy networks, with the objective of integrating SSE into macro-social and economic policies, since the social economy is seen by the Government as a "form of economic organization and a form of producing services which has a decisive role in the expansion of employment, equal opportunities and the promotion of social, environmental and historical assets that support local and regional development. o Adoption of a Municipal Plan for the Promotion and Development of SSE 2016/2020 with its annual action plans, incorporating measures of governmental policies in the areas of social care and inclusion, strengthening and capacity building of CSOs, vocational training and youth entrepreneurship, national gender plan, broadening access to microfinance services, in coordination with the Ministry of Family and Inclusion, Employment and Professional Training Institute, PROEMPRESA – Business Support and Promotion Institute, Ministry of Finance, Institute Gender Equality, Platform of NGOs, Professional Association of Microfinance Institutions and partners of decentralized, Bilateral and Multilateral International Cooperation. 2: Ecosystem for financing the projects and entrepreneurship in SSE o Design and implementation of a financing ecosystem, with the resources from the Municipality of Praia, State/Central Administration, Microfinance Institutions, social solidarity finance, subsidies from bilateral and multilateral cooperation, NGOs and decentralized international cooperation. Particular attention should be given to the refinancing of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) for the promotion of entrepreneurship in the form of social economy organizations. o Coordination with entrepreneurship promotion programs, vocational training for employment and other initiatives to promote employment, with emphasis on young women and female-headed households. 9 o Functional decentralization of the actions of the Municipality in the social sphere for solidarity organizations, by contracting services - outsourcing - as one of the ways to strengthen and broaden capacity to respond to the demands of more vulnerable and at-risk social groups and at the same time to promote proximity social employment and the channeling of resources to social solidarity organizations. 3: Tax Incentives and Other Facilities o Taking into account that the activities of Social and Solidarity Economy entities do not aim at the profitability of invested capital, but rather at the reinvestment in the continuity of their mission, which is why the distribution of surpluses is limited in cooperatives and prohibited in mutual societies and non-profit associations. Considering that the social patrimony of these organizations are indivisible and in case of dissolution it will be under the protection of the Municipality until associative initiatives are of the same nature and objective, it is recommended to exempt the payment of the Unique Tax on the "IUP" of the license fees for the construction of social equipment and its own headquarters, fees for the licensing of economic activities, requesting in return the provision of social services within the framework of municipal programs of a social and educational nature. o In the framework of urban planning, through Detailed Urban Plans, it is recommended the creation and transfer of lands for the installation of local productive activities, within the framework of a municipal policy of structuring the informal economy through organizations and enterprises of Social and Solidarity Economy. The lands ceded would continue to be properties of the Municipality, and the facilities to support the productive activity should always be of collective use and management. o Promotion, in coordination with the IEFP - Institute of Employment and Vocational Training, PROEMPRESA - Business Support and Promotion Institute and specialized SEE organizations, programs to promote entrepreneurship, vocational training activities, technical assistance to management and support in market access. 4: Gender dimension and empowerment of women through SSE o Implementation of a specific program to assist the economic emancipation of women through Social and Solidarity Economy organizations, as well as to support the structuring of informal economy by women, working upstream (access to financing and acquisition of factors of production), in the production process of goods and services (joint use of warehouse and storage spaces) and downstream (distribution and market orientation); o Implementation of a program to train and empower women to make themselves more participatory in the life of the organizations of which they are part and to assume the management functions of the SSE organizations. o Implementation of municipal policies in terms of the creation of social facilities (kindergartens, preschool and support for children in school activities) in order to allow women, especially heads of households, to focus on their economic activities - as source of support and education of the children, 10 as well as of municipal policies more favorable for initiation and maintenance of self-managed economic activities. 5: Strengthening and capacity building of technical and institutional abilities for Social and Solidarity Economy organizations, based in the Municipality of Praia. o Conduct a training activity in coordination with the NGO Platform of Cape Verde of in the areas of governance of SSE organizations; project design, local economic development, solidarity social finance, information technology and education for development, applied associative law, assisted social care, etc., with a view to a growing professionalization of SSE organizations; o Implementation of technical assistance and management support activities through mobilization of endogenous capacities of SSE organizations as well as mobilization of specialized external partners; o Creation of an SSE Municipal Forum, as an autonomous organization, composed of all the organizations, besides deciding priorities of SSE development in the Praia Council in various aspects. The Forum would function as a consultative body and partner of the City Municipality of Praia in the definition and implementation of policies in relation to the SSE and a space of agreement among the associated local actors; o Creation and promotion of a network economy, based on value chains, in order to structure the SSE and the institutionalization of the Seal of the SSE products of Praia, valuing local resources, recyclable waste, creativity, fair trade, sustainable consumption and the sustainable use of environmental resources; o Implementation of partner education programs and financial education in order to contribute to organizational and management sustainability, as well as the perpetuation of SEE organizations as local development actors and agents of local and community economic and social transformation.

Título: Mapeo de la Economía Social y Solidaria en Perú Año: junio 2018 Autor: Grupo Red de Economía Solidaria Perú (GRESP, miembro de RIPESS LAC) Editor: GSEF Idioma: inglés y español    Resumen Las organizaciones peruanas de producción y consumo de la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) han desarrollado a nivel local de articulación significativa en la región, sin embargo, no así a nivel nacional. La producción es principalmente para los mercados locales y regionales. Algunas organizaciones más grandes de la ESS distribuyen sus productos en mercados internacionales. La ESS no se encuentra de manera centralizada, y aún no cuenta con una representación nacional en Perú.   A través de los proyectos de la ESS, se ha logrado mantener la vida de miles de personas y familias en situaciones de pobreza, exclusión social o peligro de retornar a la pobreza. Los comedores populares de Lima son ejemplos de las aportaciones de parte de las mujeres, quienes ofrecen alimentación a sus familias y participan en luchas sociales, brindando alimentación a los movimientos sociales, colectivamente garantizando el derecho a la alimentación a sus familias. Los datos de 2013 nos muestran que 150 mil socias gestionan 2.775 comedores autogestionados y otros 1.930 subsidiados con alimentos por el Estado. Las organizaciones de la Economía Social y Solidaria (Grupos de Iniciativa Local, GIES) en espacios locales han ayudado a establecer los acuerdos entre las autoridades locales y municipales, y la población, convirtiéndose en nuevos actores del desarrollo local que generan empleo, demanda de insumos; establecen relaciones humanas; y generan canales de comercialización y distribución. Esta forma de crear sinergias entre los actores locales contribuye al tejido social en los espacios en los que los actores se reúnen, no sólo en lo económico, sino también en la vida cotidiana.  La ESS contribuye a formar hombres y mujeres nuevos, en una localidad nueva, en una región nueva, en un país nuevo; una forma más humana, en armonía con la naturaleza. Donde lo “nuevo” es lo que están construyendo en espacios locales, no es algo “importado”, sino algo vital, que nace de las necesidades personales y dinamizante. Es una forma de ser creadores y constructores.   Las organizaciones de la Economía Social y Solidaria en Perú no cuentan con apoyos del estado ni del sector privado. Se requiere de una Ley de Economía Social y Solidaria como un marco para políticas que apoyen y fomenten el desarrollo de la ESS.  A nivel local, es necesario la promoción de las mesas de conversación y las plataformas de la ESS; como formas más efectivas para tomar decisiones y acuerdos, promoviendo las sinergias en la producción yel consumo responsable; y el desarrollo de las economías urbanizadas y la densidad del tejido institucional, en vinculación con los clústeres, como agrupamiento de lsa experiencias de la ESS.   Con el objetivo de reforzar el rol de las iniciativas de la ESS, es necesario promover capacidades de gestión de proyectos y desarrollo institucional. La capacidad de las instituciones de la ESS son claves para el desarrollo territorial. El territorio no es simplemente un espacio físico “objetivamente existente”, sino una construcción social, en otras palabras, un conjunto de relaciones sociales que dan lugar, y al mismo tiempo expresan, una identidad y un propósito compartidos por múltiples agentes privados y públicos.  Se recomienda la formación de un Centro de Servicios y Apoyo Solidario (CESAS), que realice diagnósticos y elaborare los módulos que estén disponibles para las organizaciones en las cuatro macro-regiones en Perú, que puede ser implementado por medio de programas con enfoques en áreas locales que promuevan el desarrollo de las capacidades personales e individuales.  Es necesario que las organizaciones, las ONG y las redes de la ESS consideren la necesidad de construir un movimiento de la ESS, que apoyo y promociona la importancia de la ESS en el desarrollo local como un espacio de las relaciones humanas. Un movimiento social orientado a na economía diferente. El desafío es que las expresiones de la Economía Social y Solidaria forman parte de un Movimiento Social que tenga un proyecto político orientado a un desarrollo humano integral y solidario, donde los actores se identifiquen con las alternativas al sistema neoliberal actual que es excluyente e insostenible de todos. Una estrategia sugerida para el fortalecimiento de la Economía Social y Solidaria es la formación de un Movimiento de Economía Solidaria (MES) como una red representativa de las organizaciones y las redes de la ESS en el Perú. El MES puede vincular a los actores públicos y las empresas privadas, a nivel local, meso y macro, promoviendo políticas públicas favorables al desarrollo de la Economía Social y Solidaria. Asimismo, que en alianza con los actores nacionales se fortalece la Economía Social y Solidaria como alternativa para la transformación económica, social, política y cultural, en defensa del medio ambiente con perspectiva ética, impulsando el desarrollo del país.

Title: Status of Social Economy Development in Seoul  Year: 2016 Publisher: GSEF Author: Karl Polanyi Research Institute Asia (Yeon Ah Kim, Senior Researcher and Taein Jung, Head of Research Executives) GSEF's first SSE research project on modelling social economy developments of cities - a case study of Seoul, published in collaboration with Karl Polanyi Research Institute Asia (author) is available in English, Spanish and French versions. Summary  The Korean social economy has grown at a remarkable pace over the last few years, attracting attention from around the world. The number of social economy enterprises, of which there were a mere 501 as of the end of 2010, has multiplied exponentially since the enactment of the Framework Act on Cooperatives (FAC) in 2012, reaching 11,421 (including 1,506 certified social enterprises, 8,551 cooperatives, and 1,364 community enterprises) as of the end of 2015. In other words, the social economy in Korea, measured in terms of the number of actors and enterprises involved, has multiplied by over 22 times in less than five years since the Korean government began to provide policy support. If we counted nonprofit corporations and organizations that strive to realize social values through economic activities, such as rehabilitation enterprises, rural community companies, and other enterprises catering to the employment of severely disabled persons, the scope of the social economy would grow even wider. Seoul alone is home to 23.2 percent of all Korean social economy enterprises (260 certified social enterprises, 2,267 cooperatives, and 119 community enterprises, total 2,646 enterprises), leading the development and progress of the social economy nationwide. There may still be those who question the sustainability of this rapidly growing economy. Nevertheless, the Korean social economy, particularly in Seoul, is attracting increasing attention from the international community. This is because the explosive growth of the Seoul social economy is one of the rare examples in which a long tradition of civil solidarity has combined successfully with governmental policy support in a productive synergy. The social economy of Seoul provides an exemplary case of the multi-sectoral partnership, with the municipal government and local civil society working closely together throughout the entire process of social economy policy-making and implementation from policy review to budget preparations. Since the early days of adopting its social economy policy, the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) has emphasized the need to establish and consolidate a truly inclusive governance structure in which all types of social economy actors could participate. This focus has resulted in the formation of a thriving and expanding social economy ecosystem and infrastructure consisting of multiple public-private and private networks. However, the long-term success and stability of these public and private efforts remain to be seen. Although it has grown outwardly at an astonishing pace since the announcement of the Comprehensive Social Economy Support Plan of the SMG in 2012, the Seoul social economy still faces multiple and mounting challenges that continue to arouse controversy. Will this new Seoul experiment ultimately be sustainable? What issues has the process of compressed and rapid growth of the social economy caused us to neglect? How should we make use of our experiences over the past four years to design the future of the local social economy five or 10 years down the road? These are the questions that keep Seoul’s policymakers awake at night. This report summarizes and explains the findings of the Study on the Social Economy Policies of the 25 Self-Governing Boroughs of Seoul, which the Karl Polanyi Institute Asia (KPIA) implemented in the first half of 2016 upon request from the Global Social Economy Forum (GSEF). The purpose of the study was to ascertain the current status of social economy policy practices of the SMG and the 25 self-governing boroughs making up the city, and to assess the environment and issues surrounding the social economy in each borough. The goal was to research and analyze how the social economy model conceived by the SMG has been implemented in each borough and to what extent the social economy of Seoul has progressed. This report also summarizes some of the major social economy policy initiatives in Seoul as well as a section of the results of an opinion poll. It would be a daunting task to provide a comprehensive and detailed evaluation and analysis of the entire social economy of Seoul. This study nonetheless provides a helpful overview of the main concerns and issues characterizing the Seoul social economy and related policy measures. Before we proceed to a detailed analysis, we need first to understand the basic structure and system of the social economy policy in Korea.